什么是定語(什么是定語從句和賓語從句)
什么是定語從句和賓語從句
賓語從句(一) 賓語從句在復(fù)合句中作主句的賓語.賓語從句常由that引導(dǎo),在口語中常省略.當(dāng)主句中謂語動(dòng)詞是現(xiàn)在或?qū)頃r(shí)態(tài)時(shí),從句中謂語動(dòng)詞不受主句中謂語動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)的 影響,按需要可以使用任何時(shí)態(tài).如:She says (that) she works from Monday to Friday.她說她從周一至周五上班.(從句是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)) She says (that) she will leave a message on his desk.她說她要在他桌子上留個(gè)便條.(從句是一般將來時(shí)) She says (that) she has never been to Mount Emei.她說她從來沒有去過峨眉山.(從句是現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)) 當(dāng)主句謂語是過去時(shí)態(tài),從句中的時(shí)態(tài)一般用表示過去的某種時(shí)態(tài).如:He said there were no classes yesterday afternoon.他說昨天下午沒有課.(從句是一般過去時(shí)) He said (that) he was going to take care of the baby.他說他會(huì)去照看這個(gè)嬰兒.(從句是過去將來時(shí)) He said (that) they were having a meeting at that time.他說他們那時(shí)正在開會(huì).(從句是過去進(jìn)行時(shí)) *當(dāng)主句謂語是過去時(shí)態(tài),而賓語從句敘述某一客觀真理(事實(shí))時(shí),賓語從句的時(shí)態(tài)則用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí).如:The teacher told us(that) nothing is difficult if you put your heart into it.老師告訴我們世上無難事只怕有心人.She said (that) her father is twenty-eight years older than her.她說她父親比她大二十八歲.He said that light travels much faster than sound.他說光傳播比聲音傳播快得多.賓語從句(二) 由連接代詞或連接副詞引導(dǎo)的賓語從句.引出名詞性從句的連詞whether和if,在引出賓語從句時(shí),用法和意義相同.但是只能引出賓語從句和不在句首的主語從句,而whether除了引出賓語從句外,還可引出主語從句、表語從句和同位語從句.例如:We don't know whether (if) it is right.我們不知道它是否正確.The question is whether she should do that.問題在于她是否應(yīng)該做那件事.Whether it is true remains a question.是真是假還是個(gè)問題.試比較:當(dāng)if從句處在主句之后作“是否”講時(shí),引出的是賓語從句.例如:I don't know if it is true.我不知道這事是否真實(shí).當(dāng)if從句在主句之前作“如果”講,則引出狀語從句.例如:I shall go there if I have time.如果我有時(shí)間,我將到那兒去. 定語從句(Attributive Clauses)在句中做定語,修飾一個(gè)名詞或代詞,被修飾的名詞,詞組或代詞即先行詞.定語從句通常出現(xiàn)在先行詞之后,由關(guān)系詞(關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞)引出. 關(guān)系代詞有:who,whom,whose,that,which等. 關(guān)系副詞有:when,where,why等. 關(guān)系代詞所代替的先行詞是人或物的名詞或代詞,并在句中充當(dāng)主語、賓語、定語等成分.關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作主語時(shí),從句謂語動(dòng)詞的人稱和數(shù)要和先行詞保持一致. 1)who,whom,that 這些詞代替的先行詞是人的名詞或代詞,在從句中所起作用如下: Is he the man who/that wants to see you? 他就是你想見的人嗎?(who/that在從句中作主語) He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday. 他就是我昨天見的那個(gè)人.(whom/that在從句中作賓語) 2) Whose 用來指人或物,(只用作定語,若指物,它還可以同of which互換),例如: They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down.那人車壞了,大家都跑過去幫忙. Please pass me the book whose (of which) cover is green.請(qǐng)遞給我那本綠皮的書. 3)which,that 它們所代替的先行詞是事物的名詞或代詞,在從句中可作主語、賓語等,例如: A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside.農(nóng)村出現(xiàn)了前所未有的繁榮.(which / that在句中作主語) The package (which / that) you are carrying is about to come unwrapped.你拿的包快散了.(which / that在句中作賓語) 關(guān)系副詞可代替的先行詞是時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)或理由的名詞,在從句中作狀語. 1)when,where,why 關(guān)系副詞when,where,why的含義相當(dāng)于"介詞+ which"結(jié)構(gòu),因此常常和"介詞+ which"結(jié)構(gòu)交替使用,例如: There are occasions when (on which) one must yield.任何人都有不得不屈服的時(shí)候. Beijing is the place where (in which) I was born.北京是我的出生地. Is this the reason why (for which) he refused our offer?這就是他拒絕我們幫助他的理由嗎? 2)that代替關(guān)系副詞 that可以用于表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、方式、理由的名詞后取代when,where,why和"介詞+ which"引導(dǎo)的定語從句,在口語中that常被省略,例如: His father died the year (that / when / in which) he was born.他父親在他出生那年逝世了. He is unlikely to find the place (that / where / in which) he lived forty years ago.他不大可能找到他四十年前居住過的地方.
什么是定語從句和賓語從句的關(guān)系
首先沒有謂語從句這一說,有賓語從句,表語從句,主語從句,定語從句,同位語從句,狀語從句——舉個(gè)例子,賓語從句就是指,充當(dāng)賓語的這個(gè)部分是一個(gè)句子,就是賓語從句,eg,I know she is right.我知道她是正確的。
I為主語, know為謂語, she is right是一個(gè)句子,放在動(dòng)詞know(也就是謂語)后面做賓語,因?yàn)槭莻€(gè)句子,故叫賓語從句。
定語從句跟賓語從句
賓語從句關(guān)系詞
1、連詞that,whether,if
that引導(dǎo)表示陳述句的賓語從句,if和whether引導(dǎo)表示“是否”的賓語從句.
My idea is that we should act on his suggestion.
I don’t know if there will be a bus any more.
Nobody knew whether he could pass the exam.
2、關(guān)系代詞who,whom ,whose ,what ,whoever ,whomever ,whosever,whatever,whichever
用于一般指疑問,但what,whatever除了指疑問外,也可以指陳述.
I don’t know whom you should depend on.
He'll push on with his project whatever the difficulties may be.
You may take whichever seat you like.
3、關(guān)系副詞when,where,why,how,whenever,wherever,however
He didn’t tell me when we should meet again.
None of us knows where these new parts can be bought
什么是定語從句什么是賓語從句
答:作為引導(dǎo)詞的that,引導(dǎo)的賓語從句和定語從句的主要區(qū)別是:
that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句
在引導(dǎo)賓語從句時(shí),that是連接詞,只起到引導(dǎo)詞的作用,沒有實(shí)在意義,在從句中也沒有擔(dān)任什么成分,純粹就是一個(gè)引導(dǎo)詞。在口語或者非正式語體中,that往往可以省略掉。例如:
I think( that ) you are right. 我認(rèn)為你做得對(duì)。
The teacher taught/told us that we should always do our best. 老師教/吩咐我們要時(shí)刻盡己所能。
動(dòng)詞要接賓語補(bǔ)足語時(shí),通常在動(dòng)詞后面加上形式賓語it. 例如:
I found it impossible that I silenced her. 我發(fā)覺自己無法使她安靜下來。
在口語中that常常被省略。但是,that所引導(dǎo)的賓語從句含有兩個(gè)以上相連時(shí),則第二個(gè)從句以下的that不可省略,以免意思變得模糊不清。例如:
He said(that)there were lots of things to do and that he wouldn't go with us. 他說他有很多的事要做,所以不和我們一起去。
that引導(dǎo)的定語從句
在定語從句中,that是屬于關(guān)系代詞的,它有實(shí)在意義,常譯為“...的”,在從句中充當(dāng)一定成分,如主語、賓語等。例如:
This is the very book that I am looking for. 這正是我在尋找的書。
The building that stands over there is is a hospital. 座落在那邊的建筑物是醫(yī)院。
在定語從句中做為及物動(dòng)詞的賓語時(shí),that通??梢允÷?。例如:
These are the pictures( that ) I took in China. 這些是我在中國拍的照片。
賓語從句是定語從句嗎
應(yīng)該是定語從句難
賓語從句:只有主語+謂語動(dòng)詞,缺少賓語,整個(gè)從句充當(dāng)句子賓語,(從句前面是一個(gè)動(dòng)詞)。
定語從句是:主謂賓完整,整個(gè)從句作為定語補(bǔ)充說明賓語這個(gè)先行詞,(從句前面是一個(gè)名詞)。
一.相比于賓語從句,定語從句需要先行詞,關(guān)系詞。先行詞指被定語從句修飾的名詞、代詞?!阆刃性~出現(xiàn)在定語從句的前面。關(guān)系詞是英語中指導(dǎo)屬性句的詞。它分為相對(duì)副詞和相對(duì)代詞。關(guān)系詞作為英語語法的重要組成部分,在英語教育中發(fā)揮著重要作用。而賓語從句則是賓語成分變成了句子。
二.定語從句是由關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的從句,其作用是作定語修飾主句的某個(gè)成分,定語從句分為限定性和非限定性從句兩種。而賓語從句是在主從復(fù)合句中充當(dāng)賓語,位于及物動(dòng)詞、介詞或復(fù)合謂語之后的從句,是名詞性從句的一種。
三.對(duì)比:The headmaster hopes everything goes well.校長希望一切順利。everything goes well就是賓語從句。
The man whom you spoke to just now is our English teacher. 和你說過話的那個(gè)人現(xiàn)在是我們的英語老師.
先行詞是man,關(guān)系詞是whom。從句是whom you spoke
定語從句和賓語從句的用法
區(qū)別一:緊跟的成份
定語從句要修飾名詞,所以前面一定有個(gè)先行詞,且為名詞。
賓語從句作賓語,所以前面一定是個(gè)動(dòng)詞,且為及物動(dòng)詞。
區(qū)別二:在從句的成份
定語從句的that/which引導(dǎo)的從句修飾前面的先行詞,that/which又充當(dāng)后面從句的主語或賓語的成份。that、which在非特殊情況下有互換的可能。
而賓語從句中的that和which不能互換,that引導(dǎo)的陳述句作賓語,且that在賓語從句中不作任何成份,which的話引導(dǎo)的則是特殊疑問句作賓語(當(dāng)然語序要調(diào)整為陳述句),由于其引導(dǎo)特殊疑問句,所以它在賓語從句是也是作主語或賓語,但其意思是固定為“哪一個(gè)”。
區(qū)別三:what,whether(or not),if可以引導(dǎo)賓語從句,但不可以引導(dǎo)定語從句。
賓語從句和定語從句的區(qū)別
who可作關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)定語從句,也可作連接代詞引導(dǎo)賓語從句。其區(qū)別是:
who引導(dǎo)定語從句必須要有先行詞,who可作從句的主語,也可作從句的賓語,作從句的謂語動(dòng)詞的賓語時(shí)who可以省略。
who引導(dǎo)賓語從句沒有先行詞,who在從句中作謂語動(dòng)詞的賓語時(shí),who不能省略。例句:
1.The girl who is dancing is Tom's sister.
2. Is this the man (who/whom/
that/省略)you want to see?
3.The teacher asked us who could answer this question.
4.Do you know who/whom they are looking for?
定語從句與賓語從句
不對(duì)的。在英語語法中,從句不僅僅只有定語從句和賓語從句,還有主語從句,表語從句,同位語從句,狀語從句等等。
什么是定語從句和賓語從句的區(qū)別
賓語從句的連詞that可以省略,定語從句中做您記得關(guān)系代詞who whom which that 也可以省略
定語從句是不是賓語從句
區(qū)別:萊垍頭條
1、定義不同垍頭條萊
定語從句指一個(gè)句子跟在一名詞或代詞(先行詞)后進(jìn)行修飾限定。垍頭條萊
賓語從句指在主從復(fù)合句中充當(dāng)賓語,位于及物動(dòng)詞、介詞或復(fù)合謂語之后的從句。萊垍頭條
狀語從句指句子用作狀語時(shí),起副詞作用的句子。萊垍頭條
2、引導(dǎo)詞不同垍頭條萊
定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞又稱為先行詞,一般可以做先行詞的單詞有:who、whom、 that、which、whose、why、when、where等。萊垍頭條
賓語從句的引導(dǎo)詞一般為that。萊垍頭條
狀語從句可以由單詞引導(dǎo),也可以由詞組引導(dǎo),常見引導(dǎo)詞為when、where、while、before、as soon as、until、since等。萊垍頭條
3、要求不同萊垍頭條
定語從句分為限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句,對(duì)引導(dǎo)詞有不同的要求,如在非限定性定語從句中,不能用關(guān)系副詞做主語。頭條萊垍
賓語從句則要求語序必須是陳述語序,即:連接代詞/副詞+主語+謂語+其他成分。萊垍頭條
狀語從句主要用來修飾主句或主句的謂語。狀語修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞或整個(gè)句子。通常由副詞、介詞短語、動(dòng)詞不定式、分詞和從句等擔(dān)當(dāng)。條萊垍頭
定語從句和賓語從句的區(qū)別
賓語是動(dòng)作的承受者,放在動(dòng)詞的后面,及物動(dòng)詞才能直接帶賓語。例如:The teacher praised me in my face (老師當(dāng)面表揚(yáng)我)。這句話的me是及物動(dòng)詞praised的動(dòng)作的承受者,所以是賓語。
定語是修飾名字的,單個(gè)詞放在名詞之前,短語或從句放在名詞之后。例如:1. The sharp knife was bought a few days ago. sharp單個(gè)詞作定語,修飾名詞knife,放在其前。2. The knife on the table was bought yesterday. on the table介詞短語作定語,修飾名詞knife,放在名詞之后。